Diet is the most important part of gastritis therapy.Based on some features of the disease, for example, hyperacidity of the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary, what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person eats an unbalanced diet, regularly drinks alcohol, smokes and is often exposed to severe stress, he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that causes inflammation of the stomach lining and compromises its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms appear, the main of which is acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting occur, appetite decreases or disappears altogether, often leading to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach occurs in various forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You should not only change your diet, decide what you can and cannot eat, but also change the principles of nutrition themselves, regulate them with a stable menu for the whole week and divide the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;In addition, there are some nuances when gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not possible with gastritis?
The main differences in nutrition are determined by acidity.Which indicator is determined for a specific patient as part of the diagnosis before therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which occurs most often, you need to follow three basic principles:
- Mechanically.It defines a ban on fried foods;In addition, coarse fiber such as bran bread, turnips, turnips and meat strips are not allowed.
- Chemical.It states that you must avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid necessary for the digestive process, for example soda, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated, rich meat and fish-based broths are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of consuming foods that have an optimal temperature, usually in the range of 16 to 55 degrees Celsius.In gastritis, if the food is hotter or colder, this leads to irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food intake and thus to increased stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is characterized as acidic, low-fat fish and meat, fermented milk products, and eggs, which can be served as an omelette or soft-boiled, are suitable for the diet.In addition, the diet may include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
A gastritis diet with reduced acidity includes foods that promote greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.It is also important to normalize the food intake process.This must be done slowly;It is important to spend at least half a minute chewing a portion, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves hydrochloric acid secretion by drinking slightly carbonated mineral water;You should drink 200 ml of this water every time before meals.Various fruits and vegetables are permitted and must be eaten immediately after finishing the meal, as snacking is not allowed in the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen light as there are no hard fibers present.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruit beforehand and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages compared to high acidity.A small amount of chocolate products, light soups and broths, as well as river fish, mushrooms and lean meats, including rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Milk derivatives are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you suffer from gastritis with acidity, you should not consume the following:
- Bake;
- chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy foods;
- alcoholic beverages;
- foods rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation – menu for the week
In case of exacerbation, a compromise should be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane so inflamed.In this situation, digestion must be supported as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, you should try to chop up all foods as much as possible and only cook them by boiling or steaming them.
It is important not only to make the prepared menu balanced and gentle, but also to strictly adhere to it and eat at a strictly defined time every day.The interval between doses should not be more than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the exacerbation will only get worse.It cannot be transmitted because it is fraught with gastric stasis.In the evening you should eat at least three to four hours before going to bed.
Oddly enough, during a period of exacerbation, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and unconcentrated soup with grated vegetables are useful.If gastritis worsens, high-fat foods should be completely excluded from the diet, as the breakdown occurs very slowly.
Menu for the week
Mon and Wed:
- Breakfast with oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have breakfast with steamed cheesecakes;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish and compote;
- Afternoon snack – cookies with light tea;
- Dinner - a side dish of noodles with steamed lean meat cutlets and light tea.
Tue, Thu, Sat:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- The second time you should have breakfast with a glass of jelly;
- You need to have lunch with vegetable broth, stewed fish and mineral water from gases;
- Unsweetened light tea with white bread crackers is permitted as an afternoon snack;
- For dinner, cottage cheese casserole and compote.
Fri, Sun:
- You should have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes and washed down with compote;
- At second breakfast, eat cheesecake with tea;
- Lunch with vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack – a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner should be boiled fish with porridge on the water.
Diet No. 1 for gastritis
Diet No. 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since restoring normal digestion and non-irritation of the gastric mucosa in the event of gastritis or ulcer are very important.This diet is prescribed after the end of the exacerbation phase of the disease.The only possible cooking methods are boiling, steaming and baking.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, as its presence negatively affects the condition of the internal surface of the stomach;In addition, salt slows down the removal of water from the body.
In diet number 1, the entire daily ration is divided into five to six small portions.The total number of calories consumed cannot exceed 2000.
The main dishes that should be included in Diet No. 1 include:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other difficult-to-digest components;
- Bread products should be consumed yesterday, dried and also in the form of crackers.
In moderation, you can eat fermented milk products, for example cottage cheese, yogurt, skim milk.
Cannot be consumed as part of diet #1:
- rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat – you have to give up okroshka, borscht and cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- cucumbers;
- Fish and other canned foods.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive when the action of the disease causes stomach erosion, a so-called ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when the erosion of the wall gradually leads to a through hole, as a result of which stomach contents leak into the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without urgent surgical treatment.
In addition to the effects of a Helicobacter pylori infection, the causes of erosion include exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.Therefore, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly to slow down and reverse the process of ulcer formation.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient suffers from erosive gastritis:
- The foods consumed should cause minimal irritation to the stomach wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You must continuously consume liquid, warm, pureed food.At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- rejection of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked by heat treatment;
- The focus when eating should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient suffers from atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose because no symptoms appear in the early phase of the pathology.One of the few signs of the disease is belching after fried and fatty foods that smell very unpleasant.In addition, general weakness, brittle legs and hair, and skin problems are the inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis.
Atrophic gastritis significantly narrows the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid the following:
- Black baked goods;baked goods;
- smoked dishes;
- mushrooms in any form;
- peas, beans;
- canned goods;
- Uncooked fruits and vegetables;
- soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
As with other diets for gastritis, in the atrophic stage, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited.To prepare food ready to eat, you can boil, steam or bake it
With atrophic gastritis it is important to eat:
- Soups based on grated vegetables;
- Various types of porridge on water;
- Boiled lean meat, chopped very finely;
- skimmed milk derivatives;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- fruits and vegetables that have been heat treated;
- Butter;
- For dessert you can treat yourself to jam, jelly and mousse.